AP Physics 2 Equations

A full list of the Algebra-Based AP Physics 2 Equations

Sorted by Chapters

Check out the Appendix of Variables for all the variables used in the AP Physics Classes

Fluids Equations
Density	$ρ$ = Density $m$ = Mass $V$ = Volume	$ρ = \frac{m}{V}$
Pressure	$P$ = Pressure $F$ = Force $A$ = Area	$P = \frac{F}{A}$
Buoyant Force	$F_{b}$ = Buoyant Force $ρ$ = Fluid Density $V$ = Volume Displaced $g$ = Acceleration due to Gravity	$F_{b} = ρ V g$
Bernoulli's principle	$P$ = Static Pressure $ρ$ = Density $g$ = Acceleration due to Gravity $h$ = Height $v$ = Velocity	$P_{1} + ρ g h_{1} + \frac{1}{2} ρ {v_{1}}^{2} = P_{2} + ρ g h_{2} + \frac{1}{2} ρ {v_{2}}^{2}$
Conservation of Mass Flow Rate	$A$ = Cross-Sectional Area $v$ = Flow Velocity	$A_{1} v_{1} = A_{2} v_{2}$
Fluid Pressure	$P$ = Fluid Pressure $ρ$ = Fluid Density $g$ = Acceleration due to Gravity $h$ = Height	$P = ρ g h$

Thermodynamics Equations
Average Kinetic Energy	$k_{B}$ = $1.38 \times 10^{-23}$ $J / K$ $κ$ = Thermal Conductivity $T$ = Temperature	$K = \frac{3}{2} k_{B} T$
Ideal Gas Law	$P$ = Pressure $V$ = Volume $n$ = Number of Moles $R$ = 8.31 $J/(mol·K)$ $T$ = Temperature	$P V = n R T$
Work done on the System	$W$ = Work done on the System $P$ = Pressure $ΔV$ = Change in Volume	$W = - (P ΔV)$
First Law of Thermodynamics	$ΔU$ = Change in Interal Energy $Q$ = Heat Transfered $W$ = Work done on the System	$ΔU = Q + W$
Thermal Conductivity	$Q$ = Heat Transfered $t$ = Time $κ$ = Thermal Conductivity $A$ = Area $T$ = Temperature $L$ = Thickness	$\frac{Q}{Δt} = κ \frac{A ΔT}{L}$

Electric Force, Field, and Potential Equations
Voltage	$V$ = Voltage $U_{E}$ = Electric Potential Energy $q$ = Point Charge	$V = \frac{U_{E}}{q}$
Current	$I$ = Current $Q$ = Charge $t$ = Time	$I = \frac{Q}{Δt}$
Coulomb's Law Constant	$k$ = $9.0 \times 10^{9}$ $N \cdot m^{2} / C^{2}$ $ε_{0}$ = $8.85 \times 10^{-12}$ $C^{2} / N \cdot m^{2}$	$k = \frac{1}{4 π ε_{0}}$
Electric Force on a Charge	$F_{E}$ = Electric Force $E$ = Electric Field Strength $q$ = Point Charge	$F_{E} = E q$
Point Charges
Coulomb's Law	$F_{E}$ = Electric Force $k$ = $9.0 \times 10^{9}$ $N \cdot m^{2} / C^{2}$ $q$ = Point Charge $r$ = Center-to-Center Distance	$F_{E} = k \frac{q_{1} q_{2}}{r^{2}}$
Electric Field Strength	$E$ = Electric Field Strength $q$ = Point Charge $k$ = $9.0 \times 10^{9}$ $N \cdot m^{2} / C^{2}$ $r$ = Center-to-Center Distance	$E = k \frac{q}{r^{2}}$
Voltage	$V$ = Voltage $k$ = $9.0 \times 10^{9}$ $N \cdot m^{2} / C^{2}$ $q$ = Point Charge $r$ = Center-to-Center Distance	$V = k \frac{q}{r}$
Electric Potential Energy	$U_{E}$ = Electric Potential Energy $k$ = $9.0 \times 10^{9}$ $N \cdot m^{2} / C^{2}$ $q$ = Point Charge $r$ = Center-to-Center Distance	$U_{E} = k \frac{q_{1} q_{2}}{r}$
Capacitors
Electric Field Strength	$E$ = Electric Field Strength $V$ = Voltage $d$ = Separation between plates $Q$ = Charge $ε_{0}$ = $8.85 \times 10^{-12}$ $C^{2} / N \cdot m^{2}$ $A$ = Area	$E = \frac{V}{d} = \frac{Q}{ε_{0} A}$
Voltage	$V$ = Voltage $Q$ = Charge $C$ = Capacitance	$V = \frac{Q}{C}$
Capacitance of a Plate	$C$ = Capacitance $κ$ = Dielectric Constant $ε_{0}$ = $8.85 \times 10^{-12}$ $C^{2} / N \cdot m^{2}$ $A$ = Area $d$ = Separation between plates	$C = κ ε_{0} \frac{A}{d}$
Electric Potential Energy	$U_{E}$ = Electric Potential Energy $Q$ = Charge $V$ = Voltage	$U_{E} = \frac{1}{2} Q V$

Electric Circuits Equations
Resistance of a Wire	$R$ = Resistance $ρ$ = Resistivity $L$ = Length $A$ = Area	$R = ρ \frac{L}{A}$
Ohm's Law	$V$ = Voltage $I$ = Current $R$ = Resistance	$V = I R$
Power	$P$ = Power $I$ = Current $V$ = Voltage	$P = I V$
Series Circuits
Equivalent Resistance	$R_{Eq}$ = Equivalent Resistance $R_{i}$ = Individual Resistors	$R_{Eq} = \sum R_{i}$
Equivalent Capacitance	$C_{Eq}$ = Equivalent Capacitance $C_{i}$ = Individual Capacitors	$\frac{1}{C_{Eq}} = \sum \frac{1}{C_{i}}$
Parallel Circuits
Equivalent Resistance	$R_{Eq}$ = Equivalent Resistance $R_{i}$ = Individual Resistors	$\frac{1}{R_{Eq}} = \sum \frac{1}{R_{i}}$
Equivalent Capacitance	$C_{Eq}$ = Equivalent Capacitance $C_{i}$ = Individual Capacitors	$C_{Eq} = \sum C_{i}$

Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction Equations
Magnetic Force on a Moving Charge	$F_{M}$ = Magnetic Force $q$ = Point Charge $v$ = Velocity $B$ = Magnetic Field Strength	$F_{M} = q v B \sin θ$
Magnetic Force on a Current Carrying Wire	$F_{M}$ = Magnetic Force $I$ = Current $l$ = Length of Wire $B$ = Magnetic Field Strength	$F_{M} = I l B \sin θ$
Magnetic Field Strength	$B$ = Magnetic Field Strength $μ_{0}$ = $4π \times 10^{-7}$ $(T \cdot m) / A$ $I$ = Current $d$ = Separation between plates	$B = \frac{μ_{0}}{2 π} \times \frac{I}{d}$
Magnetic Flux	$Φ$ = Magnetic Flux $B$ = Magnetic Field Strength $A$ = Area	$Φ = B A \cos θ$
Faraday's Law of Induction	$ϵ$ = EMF $N$ = Number of Turns $Φ$ = Magnetic Flux $t$ = Time	$ϵ = -N \frac{ΔΦ}{Δt}$
EMF	$ϵ$ = EMF $B$ = Magnetic Field Strength $l$ = Length of Object Moving $v$ = Velocity	$ϵ = B l v \sin θ$

Geometric and Physical Optics Equations
Frequency	$λ$ = Wavelength $v$ = Velocity $f$ = Frequency	$λ = \frac{v}{f}$
Focal Length	$s_{i}$ = Image Distance $s_{o}$ = Object Distance $f$ = Focal Length	$\frac{1}{s_{i}} + \frac{1}{s_{i}} = \frac{1}{f}$
Magnification	$M$ = Magnification $h_{i}$ = Image Height $h_{o}$ = Object Height $s_{i}$ = Image Distance $s_{o}$ = Object Distance	$M = \frac{h_{i}}{h_{o}} = \frac{s_{i}}{s_{o}}$
Index of Refraction	$n$ = Refractive Index $c$ = $3.00 \times 10^{8}$ $m / s$ $v$ = Velocity	$n = \frac{c}{v}$
Snell's Law	$n$ = Refractive Index	$n_{1} \sin θ_{1} = n_{2} \sin θ_{2}$
Path Difference	$L$ = Path Difference $m$ = An Integer $λ$ = Wavelength	$ΔL = m λ$
Interference Fringes	$d$ = Separation $m$ = An Integer $λ$ = Wavelength	$d \sin θ = m λ$

Quantum, Atomic, and Nuclear Physics Equations
Mass-energy equivalence	$E$ = Energy $m$ = Mass $c$ = $3.00 \times 10^{8}$ $m / s$	$E = m c^{2}$
Energy	$E$ = Energy $h$ = $6.63 \times 10^{-34}$ $J \cdot s$ $f$ = Frequency	$E = h f$
Wavelength	$λ$ = De Broglie Wavelength $h$ = $6.63 \times 10^{-34}$ $J \cdot s$ $p$ = Momentum	$λ = \frac{h}{p}$
Maximum Kinetic Energy	$K_{\max}$ = Maximum Kinetic Energy $h$ = $6.63 \times 10^{-34}$ $J \cdot s$ $f$ = Frequency $φ$ = Work Function	$K_{\max} = h f - φ$